NEW DELHI: The French Revolution, the Russian Revolution and Nazism will no longer be part of the Class IX history syllabus. NCERT officials said these modern world history themes will be taken up in Class X as part of secondary-stage progression, while the new Class IX textbook will chart the story of early humans, the Harappan world and the ancient civilisations of Mesopotamia, Egypt and China.Titled ‘Understanding Society: India and Beyond, Part 1’, the new textbook marks one of the sharpest curricular shifts at the secondary stage. It replaces four books — India and the Contemporary World-I, Contemporary India-I, Democratic Politics-I and Economics — with an integrated two-part volume of 16 thematic chapters under National Curriculum Framework for School Education 2023. Class IX now begins with early humans, the beginnings of civilisation and the Harappan world. The book also changes the treatment of Indian history. A chapter on ‘State and Society up to 1000 CE’ brings in the Vedic age, the sixteen Mahajanapadas, duties of the king as discussed in the Arthashastra and the Mahabharata, the role of women in early India and the gurukul system. The emphasis is less on stand-alone political chronology and more on civilisational continuities, institutions and Indian Knowledge Systems.Geography, too, has been reframed. Instead of starting with India’s size, location, drainage and population, students now begin with the shaping of the earth’s surface, landforms, rivers and erosion, and disasters such as landslides. Climate change, the 2025 Punjab floods and an activity on mapping one’s carbon footprint enter the Class IX classroom more directly. In political science, older chapters on ‘What is Democracy?’ and constitutional design have given way in Class IX to broader modules on democracy and elections. The new book traces India’s democratic roots to ancient sabha and samiti assemblies and adds two notable elements: the 1975-77 Emergency, and a ‘Democracy and You’ section that casts students as participants.Economics moves away from the village-economy and poverty-led structure, opening with concepts such as scarcity, opportunity cost and demand and supply.NCERT sources have framed the overhaul as a shift towards learning that is “rooted in India” while “combined with a global outlook”. The Class IX books are being introduced in 2026-27, with revised Class X books to follow in 2027-28. Modern world history themes like the French and Russian revolutions and Nazism will no longer be part of NCERT’s Class 9 history syllabus and will move to Class 10. The new Class 9 textbook will feature ancient civilisations of India, Mesopotamia, Egypt and China.