A deadly outbreak of Hantavirus on a luxury cruise ship has raised global concern after three passengers died and several others fell ill. The ship, carrying around 150 people, remains stranded off the coast of West Africa as health authorities monitor the situation closely.So what exactly is hantavirus

It spreads from rodents to humansHantaviruses are carried by rodents like rats and mice. Humans get infected through contact with their urine, droppings, or saliva. The virus does not harm rodents, but it can be dangerous for people.It usually spreads through the airWhen rodent waste is disturbed—like during cleaning—it can release virus particles into the air. Breathing in this contaminated air is the most common way people get infected.Human-to-human spread is very rareMost hantavirus types do not spread between people. However, the Andes strain—found in South America—is the only known variant that can spread through close, prolonged contact. It is suspected in the cruise outbreak but not confirmed.There are different types worldwideHantaviruses behave differently depending on the region. Some cause lung-related illness, while others affect the kidneys and blood vessels.Symptoms can look like the fluSymptoms usually appear one to eight weeks after exposure. Early signs include fever, muscle aches, and stomach issues, which makes it easy to mistake for a common infection.It can turn deadly quicklyIn the Americas, hantavirus can cause a severe lung disease where fluid fills the lungs. This condition can worsen rapidly and become life-threatening.Fatality rates can be highThe death rate can reach up to 50% in severe lung infections, according to the World Health Organization.In comparison, strains found in Europe and Asia are less deadly, with fatality rates between 1% and 15%.There is no specific cureThere is no vaccine or targeted treatment. Doctors focus on supportive care—rest, fluids, and in severe cases, oxygen support or ventilators.Prevention is keyAvoiding contact with rodents is the best protection. Keeping surroundings clean and safely handling rodent-infested areas can reduce risk. During outbreaks, contact tracing helps identify and treat exposed individuals early.Risk to the public remains lowDespite the alarming situation on the cruise ship, experts say the overall risk to the public is low. Infection requires specific exposure conditions, which are not common in everyday life.

Inside the cruise ship crisis

The outbreak has created a tense situation onboard. Passenger Jake Rosmarin shared glimpses of the unfolding crisis online.“For those who have seen recent news, yes, I am currently onboard the M/V Hondius,” he told Reuters, adding that he did not wish to say more, “out of respect for those involved.”As the ship remained stranded, his tone changed. “What’s happening right now is very real for all of us.”“We’re not just headlines. We’re people with families, with lives, with people waiting for us at home,” he added.“All we want is to feel safe and to get home,” he said.Authorities in South Africa and Cape Verde have reassured the public that there is no immediate risk on land. One statement noted that since the ship remains offshore, “there is currently no risk to the population on land”.Why experts are watching closelyThe outbreak is unusual because it occurred in a confined setting like a cruise ship, raising questions about whether limited human-to-human transmission may have occurred. Investigations are ongoing.While cases have been rising in parts of South America, global outbreaks remain rare. Still, this incident highlights how quickly infections can escalate in close environments—and why early detection and containment matter.